For a square or rectangular room, multiply the length by the width, for example:
9 ft. x 8 ft. = 72 sq. ft.
For a more complicated room, divide it into smaller sections and multiply the length and width of each section. Then add the area of each, for example:
12 ft. x 13 ft. = 156 sq. ft.

8 ft. x 6 ft. = 48 sq. ft.

156 sq. ft. + 48 sq. ft. = 204 sq. ft.
For a very complicated room, divide it into smaller sections and multiply the length and width of each section. Then add, or subtract the area of each as needed, for example:

B + C + D - A - E - F

B: 12 ft. x 14 ft. = 168 sq. ft.
C: 2 ft. x 3 ft. = 6 sq. ft.
D: 6 ft. x 5 ft. = 30 sq. ft.

A: (3 ft. x 3 ft.) / 2 = 4.5 sq. ft.
E: (2 ft. x 2 ft.) / 2 = 2 sq. ft.
F: (2 ft. x 2 ft.) / 2 = 2 sq. ft.

168 + 6 + 30 - 4.5 - 2 - 2 = 195.5 sq. ft.
Rounded is: 196 sq. ft.